Goryokaku Fort

Each winter the Sea of Okhotsk freezes in Siberia and vast sheets of drift ice — up to 1 metre thick — flow south to Abashiri, turning the sea into a grinding white plain. The Aurora icebreaker smashes through these floes on 1-hour cruises, and on calm days visitors can step onto the ice itself. This is the southernmost naturally occurring drift ice on the planet.

Japan's most innovative zoo, which rescued itself from near-closure in the 1990s by pioneering "behaviour exhibits" — glass tunnels through penguin tanks, polar bear pools with underwater viewing, and orangutan sky-walks overhead. The winter penguin parade, when keepers walk the birds through snow for exercise, has become one of Hokkaido's most beloved daily spectacles.

Rolling farmland hills west of Biei town that resemble a giant patchwork quilt — wheat, potatoes, lavender and sunflower fields stitched together across gentle knolls. Best explored by rental bicycle in summer.